Diosmin has made some progress in the study of renal protection and anti-fibrosis, and its mechanism mainly involves anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and inhibition of fibrotic signaling pathway, the following is the specific analysis:
Renal protection mechanism
Anti-inflammatory effect
Diosmin can inhibit key molecules in the inflammatory signaling pathway, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1β), which can reduce the intensity of inflammatory response.
Clinical studies have shown that Diosmin can significantly increase the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 while decreasing the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. which is important in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Antioxidant effects
Diosmin has a strong free radical scavenging ability, which can inhibit oxidase activity and reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus reducing the cellular damage caused by oxidative stress.
By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, etc.), Diosmin is able to enhance the body’s antioxidant defense system and protect kidney cells from oxidative damage.
Inhibit glomerulosclerosis and reduce proteinuria
The mechanism by which Diosmin protects renal function may be related to the inhibition of glomerulosclerosis and reduction of proteinuria. By regulating the function of glomerular endothelial cells and tethered cells, Diosmin can slow down the process of glomerulosclerosis and reduce the level of proteinuria, thus protecting renal function.
Anti-fibrosis mechanism
Inhibition of fibrotic signaling pathway
Diosmin may inhibit fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway and reduce the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), thus inhibiting the occurrence and development of renal interstitial fibrosis.
Regulation of extracellular matrix metabolism
Diosmin can affect the balance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), promote the degradation of ECM and reduce the formation of fibrotic tissue.
Protection of renal tubular epithelial cells
Diosmin has a protective effect on renal tubular epithelial cells, which can reduce the damage and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, maintain the structural and functional integrity of renal tubules, thus preventing the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.